Examples of Questions Related to Topical Areas for Exam # 3

1 & 2. Give two examples of methods of agricultural water conservation.

1. _______________________________

2. _______________________________

3 & 4. Give two examples of methods of domestic water conservation.

3. _______________________________

4. _______________________________

_____ 5. most of the naturally occurring ozone is found in the

a. troposphere b. stratosphere

c. mesosphere d. lithosphere

e. hydrosphere

_____ 6. The installation of Beaver Lake has resulted in changes to the White River including all the following except.
a. provides a reservoir for recreation
b. inundated valley with 300+ feet of water
c. slowed water velocity
d. increased sedimentation in area above dam
e. water stored in lake becomes warmer due to solar heating and impacts fisheries downstream

7 & 8. List two groups or entities who have legal claims to Colorado River water in addition to the seven states directly involved in the Colorado River compact.

7. _________________________________

8. _________________________________

List two instream uses of water (numbers 9 and 10)

9. __________________________

10. __________________________

_____ 11. Assume that you cook dinner, wash a load of clothes in a washing machine, sprinkle a one-quarter acre garden for the day, and the flush the toilet once. The increasing order of your water use (least amount first) is:
a. cook < wash < sprinkle < flush
b. cook < flush < wash < sprinkle
c. flush < sprinkle < wash < cook
d. cook < wash < flush < sprinkle

_____ 12. Upstream floods tend to
a. be local in extent and result from long duration storms
b. cover large areas
c. be local in extent and result from intense rainfall of short duration
d. cause severe flooding of the larger streams they join downstream
e. have a recurrence interval of 500 year

Questions 13-15. On the diagram of the stream hydrograph depicted in the diagram below do the following:

13. Label the x axis with appropriate name and units

14. Label the y axis with appropriate name and units

15. Label the hydrograph that represent this area after urbanization with an A.

Questions 16 and 17. List two beneficial uses provided by dams and reservoirs in addition to flood control.

16. ________________________________

17. ________________________________

_____ 18. The White River near St. Paul, Arkansas has a discharge during a storm of 2500 ft3/s. The velocity at the peak discharge is 20 ft/s. The channel has an average width of 73 ft. What is the average depth of water in the channel at this rate of discharge?
a. 1.7 feet
b. 2.7 feet
c. 3.7 feet
d. 0.7 feet
e. 1.0 feet

_____ 19. Storm hydrographs after urbanization of an area have a shorter lag time and a higher peak discharge because
a. the storm was caused by rapid snow melt
b. buildings have reduced the area of the floodplain
c. impermeable cover results in reduced infiltration
d. impermeable cover results in greater runoff
e. b, c, and d are correct

_____ 20. Most irrigation water is withdrawn but not consumed. (T or F)

_____ 21. Water has the longest residence time in the atmosphere. (T or F)

_____ 22. The risk of flooding would be reduced by
a. rapid spring snow melt
b. removing vegetation in the drainage basin
c. paving large areas of the drainage basin with asphalt
d. very porous and permeable soils
e. increasing the slope of the land

_____ 23. From the graph it is seen that a discharge of 1400 ft3/s has a recurrence interval of 50 years. What is the probability of occurrence of this flow in any year?

_____ 24. Mexico City has subsidence problems due to withdrawal of _______________ form soft sediments of an ancient _____________
a. ground water, horst
b. ground water, fault
c. ground water, well
d. ground water, lake
e. oil, ocean

_____ 25. Artificial levees
a. can cause higher floods along nearby reaches of the river
b. are a permanent solution to flood control
c. can cause a river bed to rise above its flood plain
d. a and c are correct
e. a and b are correct

_____ 26. When a flood is classified as a 50-year flood, it is understood that
a. a flood of at least that magnitude has occurred every year within the last 50 years
b. the potential flood area is safe from a serious flood for at least 50 years
c. it has been 50 years since the last flood of that size has occurred
d. a flood of that size occurs on the average of once every 50 years
e. a flood that large will occur in exactly 50 years

_____ 27. The steepness of slope of a stream channel in the direction of flow is its
a. drainage basin
b. discharge
c. load
d. gradient
e. capacity

_____ 28. The most stable form of oxygen in the atmosphere is

a. O b. O2 c. O3 d. O4 e. O5

_____ 29. In the period 1979-1996 ozone concentrations over Antarctica

a. decreased by about 50%

b. increased by about 50%

c. decreased by about 10%

d. increased by about 10%

e. remained relatively constant

_____ 30. During polar night

a. ozone production peaks because of interactions with polar stratospheric clouds

b. ozone production is minimal because there is no UV radiation to drive the reaction.

c. ozone combines with hydrogen to form water

d. ozone is transported away from the pole by active global circulation cells

_____ 31. Water stored in aquifers is not part of the hydrologic cycle. (T or F)

_____32. What would happen if the seasonal snowfields in Canada melt away in March instead of May?
A) more solar radiation would be absorbed
B) the planetary albedo will decrease a little
C) the air temperature should warm a little
D) all of the above

_____ 33. In the last 100 years, the data show that average global atmospheric temperatures have
a. decreased slightly
b. remained constant
c. increased slightly
d. fluctuated wildly but show no change in average
e. varied so much that it is meaningless to consider an average

_____ 34. The dramatic increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is attributed primarily to
a. the excessive release of CO2 from land and oceanic plants due to the earth's present warm climate.
b. the burning of oil, gas and coal
c. the polar ozone holes
d. the Gaia hypothesis
e. the release of CO2 from melting glaciers

_____ 35. Impact(s) of continued rise in global atmospheric temperatures may be
a. sea level drops creating more farmland
b. sea level rises inundating coastal cities
c. total area of arid lands shrinks
d. all of these are correct
e. none of these are correct

_____36. What factor accounts for the seasonal fluctuations in globally averaged carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere?
A) intra-annual changes in Earth-Sun distance from perihelion to aphelion
B) seasonality in the growth and carbon dioxide uptake by plant life, primarily at temperate
latitudes of the northern hemisphere
C) seasonality in human energy consumption, also concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere
D) seasonal changes in the amplitude of atmospheric and oceanic circulation

_____ 37. The oxygen that fish use in respiration comes from
a. the amount of oxygen in a body of water
b. the concentration of all the pollutants in the water
c. the amount of dissolved oxygen required by decay of organisms to decompose organic matter
d. the oxygen in phosphates
e. decay of rocks

_____ 38. During bioaccumulation
a. a pollutant increases in concentration as it moves through a food chain
b. the total quantity of a pollutant in an ecosystem increases
c. the total quantity of a pollutant in an ecosystem decreases
d. pollutants are destroyed by decay organisms
e. radioactive wastes decay

_____ 39. As BOD increases DO
a. decreases
b. increases
c. remains the same
d. there is no correlation
e. none of these is correct

_____ 40. Ground Water is generally easier to cleanup after a contamination event than surface water because the residence time is shorter. (T or F).

_____41. Fish consumption advisories have been issued for three areas in Arkansas because of
a. bioaccumulaiton of chlordane
b. bioaccumulaiton of lead
c. bioaccumulaiton of gasoline
d. sediment contamination with antifreeze
e. bioaccumulaiton of dioxin

_____ 42. What does MCL stand for?

43. Springs in Northwest Arkansas have been observed with fecal coliform bacteria as high as 48,000 colonies/ 100 mL of water. The MCL is 1 colony/ 100 mL of water. Where might these contaminants come from?

Key Example Questions

1. drip irrigation	12. c	25. d	36. b
2. low water use crops	13-15 be able to label a hydrograph with titles and unites. Know urban vs. nonurban hdyrograph	26. d	37. a
3. low flow toilets	16. recreation	27. d	38. a
4. xeriscaping	17. hydropower	28. b	39. a
5. b	18. a	29. a	40. f
6. e	19. e	30. b	41. e
7. Navajo Nation	20. f	31. f	42. maximum contaminant level
8. Mexico	21. f	32. d	43. poultry, cattle, humans, bats, other warm blooded animals
9. water quality maintenance	22. d	33. c
10. navigation	23. 2% = 0.02	34. b
11. b	24. d	35. b