Probability of Selecting a Related Item Under Target+Related Instructions

So under the target + related instructions the following factors influence whether you will select a semantically related item by mistake..

• If you retrieve a verbatim trace of the item that actually was presented, this will cause you to select the item related to it.  This process is called making a non-identity judgment.  The probability of making a non-identity judgment is N
• You could retrieve the gist trace and have a Similarity Judgment.  The probability of making a similarity judgment for a related item is S_r
• You could respond based on your response bias.  The probability of responding due to response bias when given the Target + Related instructions is b_T+R

So the equation for selecting a related item under the target+related instructions is:

        N+(1-N)S_r + (1-N)(1-S_r)b_T+R