A. increased fertility rates of modern women.
    B. decreased death rates because of advances in modern medicine.
    C. decreased death rates because of less war.
    D. increased longevity.

2. As of 1998 there are about _____ billion people in the world.

    A. 5
    B. 6
    C. 7
    D. 8

3.. On a global scale the most important population determiners are ________

and________.

    A. emigration; immigration
    B. births; deaths
    C. emigration; deaths
    D. immigration; births

4. Over the past 150 years, human population growth has

    A. increased slowly.
    B. increased rapidly.
    C. decreased slightly.
    D. decreased greatly.

5. An s-shaped growth curve will result if a population reaches

    A. its biotic potential.
    B. its maximum intrinsic rate of increase.
    C. environmental resistance.
    D. carrying capacity.

6. Which of the following is not a form of grassland?

    A. savanna
    B. short-grass prairie
    C. tall-grass prairie
    D. Sahara desert

7. In Mediterranean- type climates, it never

    A. goes below freezing
    B. rains
    C. has fires.
    D. has strong winds

8. A savanna is a grassland that also has some

    A. large herbivores.
    B. scattered trees.
    C. wetlands.
    D. cacti.

9. Estuaries are usually

    A. fresh water only.
    B. salt water only.
    C. a mixture of salt and fresh water.
    D. dry.

10. Which of these is not a factor when discussing the exponential growth rate of
      the global human population?

    A. disease
    B. food
    C. space
    D. migration

11. Ocean fish show Type III survivorship, which occurs when

    A. most offspring die young.
    B. there is a constant probability of death.
    C. most live to old age.
    D. there is a boom and bust cycle.

12. The biosphere refers to

    A. that part of the planet where there is life.
    B. the earth and all of the organisms that inhabit it.
    C. all living organisms on earth.
    D. the physical earth excluding life forms.

13. In an energy pyramid which trophic level represents the base?

    A. producers
    B. primary consumers
    C. secondary consumers
    D. decomposers

14. Where is most of the fresh water in the world?

    A. in the air
    B. underground
    C. in the oceans
    D. in trees

15. The taiga refers to the cold, snowy mountains, which provide an environment
      for mostly

    A. deciduous trees.
    B. woody shrubs.
    C. grasses.
    D. evergreen conifer trees.

16. Permafrost is found in

    A. savanna.
    B. taiga.
    C. tundra.
    D. temperate deciduous forest.

17. The weather phenomenon, El Nino,

    A. decreases the winter temperatures in North America
    B. occurs when the equatorial winds stop blowing westward in the Pacific.
    C. has no effect on South America
    D. all of the above.

18. Which of the following is considered a population?

A. all the organisms found in a particular habitat
B. all the organisms found in a small forest
C. all the plants on earth
D. all of the domestic cats found in Fayetteville