Multiple Intelligences
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From Howard Gardner:

1. Musical Intelligence
"A brief consideration of the evidence suggests that musical skill passes the other test for an intelligence. For example, certain parts of the brain play important roles in perception and production of music. These areas are characteristically located in the right hemisphere, although musical skill is not as clearly "localized," or located in a specifiable area, as language. (Gardner, 1993, pg. 17-18)

2. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
"The evolution of specialized body movements is of obvious advantage to the species, and in humans this adaptation is extended through the use of tools. Body movement undergoes a clearly defined developmental schedule in children. And there is little question of its universality across cultures." (Gardner, 1993, pg. 18-19)

3. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
"This form of intelligence has been heavily investigated by traditional psychologists, and it is the archetype of "raw intelligence" or the problem-solving faculty that purportedly cuts across domains. It is perhaps ironic, then, that the actual mechanism by which one arrives at a solution to a logical-mathematical problem is not as yet properly understood." (Gardner, 1993, pg. 20)

4. Linguistic Intelligence
"As with the logical intelligence, calling linguistic skill an "intelligence" is consistent with the stance of traditional psychology. Linguistic intelligence also passes all our empirical tests." (Gardner, 1993, pg. 21)

5. Spatial Intelligence
"Spatial problem solving is required for navigation and in the use of the notational system of maps. Other kinds of spatial problem solving are brought to bear in visualizing an object seen from a different angle and in playing chess." (Gardner, 1993, pg. 21-22)

6. Interpersonal Intelligence
"Interpersonal intelligence builds on a core capacity to notice distinctions among others; in particular, contrasts in their moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions. In more advanced forms, this intelligence permits a skilled adult to read the intentions and desires of others, even when these have been hidden." (Gardner, 1993, pg. 23)

7. Intrapersonal Intelligence
"...knowledge of the internal aspects of a person: access to one's own feeling life, one's range of emotions, the capacity to effect discriminations among these emotions and eventually to label them and to draw upon them as a means of understanding and guiding one's own behavior." (Gardner, 1993, pg. 24-25)

 


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