Cramer's Rule
Note: The solution theory in this section requires knowledge of cofactor expansion.
Given a system of linear algebraic equations,
(where
the determinant of
is not equal
to zero), having unknown variables x1, x2, …xn,
the unique solution of the system can be found by
![]()
the matrix Aj is found by substituting the column of known constraints

into the jth column of the matrix
.
Example

The same solution was obtained in the Gaussian elimination lesson. One can verify the solution by checking substituting x1, x2, and x3 into A x = b checking if the right-hand side (b) is obtained.