Cramer's Rule

Note: The solution theory in this section requires knowledge of cofactor expansion.

Given a system of linear algebraic equations, (where the determinant of is not equal to zero), having unknown variables x1, x2, …xn, the unique solution of the system can be found by

the matrix Aj is found by substituting the column of known constraints

into the jth column of the matrix .

Example

The same solution was obtained in the Gaussian elimination lesson. One can verify the solution by checking substituting x1, x2, and x3 into A x = b checking if the right-hand side (b) is obtained.