NONVIOLENT HEROES AND HEROINES
This site, which of course could be very extensive, is in initial stage of development. Suggestions welcome.
For more information see:
Dick Bennett's Peace Movement Directory.
Dan Cole's ongoing Peace Bibliography about nonviolence: Cole.Dan@nmnh.si.edu
"I refuse to celebrate them [those who saw combat in WWII, praised in Brokaw's The Greatest Generation] as 'the greatest generation' because in doing so we are celebrating courage and sacrifice in the cause of war. And we are miseducating the young to believe that military heroism is the noblest form of heroism, when it should be remembered only as the tragic accompaniment of horrendous policies driven by power and profit. Indeed, the current infatuation with World War II prepares us...for more war, more military adventures, more attempts to emulate the military heroes of the past." "Why do we use the term "greatest generation" for participants in war? Why not for those who have opposed war...?" Howard Zinn, "The Greatest Generation?" The Progressive (October 2001) 12-13.
OMNI'S "DOVE TALES"
Beginning in January 2002, he Ozark Gazette has published Melanie Dietzel's
profiles of nonviolent heroes:
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Jeannette Rankin
Linus Pauling
Jane Addams
Dennis Kucinich
Emily Balch
Kathleen Rumpf
Denise Levertov
Emery Reves (6-17-02)
Barbara Lee
Philip Berrigan
Contents:
I. Northwest Arkansas
A. Individuals
B. Organizations and Movements
II. National and International
A. Individuals
B. Organizations and Movements
C. Extended Biographies
1. Kabat
2. Lee
3. Urfer
4. Hill
5. Levy
D. Histories, Anthologies
I. Northwest Arkansas
A. Individuals
Mary Margaret Durst, 1915-2001
Unitarian; helped integrate the Girl Scouts, UA dormitories, businesses; member
of the Arkansas Peace Links; chaired Fayetteville's Peace Day in 1982; championed
a resolution declaring Fayetteville a nuclear-free zone.
B. Organizations and Movements
Baha'i
Contact Alan Clark and Dachia Shileru-Clark, 927-1866
Buddhism
Geoff Oelsner
Vegetarians
Deborah Robinson
Unitarian Universalist Fellowship
Quakers
Karen Takemoto, Ladeana Mullinix
II. National and International
A. Individuals
In year 2000 the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation was seeking bios of peace heroes (wagingpeace@napf.org for details).
Ralph ABERNATHY
Jane ADDAMS
Bryan, Mary. "Jane Addams: Past, Present, and Future." Peace
and Freedom (Spring 2001) 10.
Muhammad ALI
Three-time heavyweight world champion boxer, opponent of Vietnam War, and
defender of peace and human rights.
Amber AMUNDSON
After her husband was killed in the September 11, 2002, bombing of the Pentagon,
Ms. Amundson became a leading opponent of the US military response, violence,
revenge, and punishment. By November she had helped organize a peace march
for surviving Amundson family members from D. C. to NYC. Later she helped
organize "September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows." Jane
Greer, "From Tragedy, a Legacy of Peace," UU World (July-August
2002) 42-3.
Eberhard ARNOLD
Founder of the Bruderhof communities of Christian pacifism and of The Plough,
publisher and bookseller, since 1920. His books include: Why Forgive? and
Eberhard Arnold:A Testimony from His Writings. See Against the Wind:
Eberhard Arnold and the Bruderhof by Markus Baum.
Joan BAEZ (see True 1992)
Elizabeth and John BAKER
Adin BALLOU (see True 1992)
Folke BERNADOTTE
Annie Wood BESANT (Britain, 1847-1933)
Birth control activists, labor rights, Irish and Indian home rule advocate.
Philip and Daniel BERRIGAN
Berrigan, Philip, and Elizabeth McAlister. The Time's Discipline: The Beatitudes
and Nuclear Resistance. Fortkamp, 1989.
Murray Polner and Jim O'Grady, Disarmed and Dangerous: The Radical Lives
and Times of Daniel and Philip Berrigan (1997). Rev. Michael Nagler, Peace
and Change 24.3 (July 1999) 437-40.
Wendell BERRY(USA,
For 37 years, Berry has lived in a strip of woodland where he has written
about the vulnerabilities of modern western society and for nonviolent, land-based/agrarian
alternatives. His books include: Sex, Economy, Freedom, & Community
and Life Is a Miracle. Norman Wirzba, ed. The Art of the Commonplace:
the Agrarian Essays of Wendell Berry (Counterpoint, 2002). Rev. The
Nation (July 1, 2002) by Eric Zencey, who considers Berry of the same
stature asThoreau, Muir, and Leopold.
Stephen BIKO (see True 1992)
BLACK KETTLE (see Sherrow)
Brother Francis BLOUIN
Edward W. BOK
William E. BORAH
Elisabeth Mann BORGESE (Germany
Youngest daughter of Thomas Mann taught a vision of the oceans as the common
heritage of humankind and for a new form of cooperative governance to protect
and preserve the ocean's precious resources for future generations. A new
non-territorial way to govern the oceans is necessary. Borgese held annual
Pacem in Maribus (Peace in the Oceans) conferences for many years, and she
co-edited The Tides of Change based upon one of these conferences.
And she created the International Ocean Institute with branches throughout
the world.
Elise and Kenneth BOULDING
Elise: Scholar and activist. Her latest book, Cultures of Peace, imagines
a world without weapons.
Burkes, Betty. "Societies of Peace." Peace and Freedom (Spring
2001) 7. Rev. of Cultures of Peace.
Father Roy BOURGEOIS
Leader of opposition to the School of Americas at Fort Benning, GA.
Robert BOWMAN
Opponent of militarizing outer space. See Arming the Heavens by Jack
Manno, Chap. 17.
Frank BUCHMAN
Betty BUMPERS
Founder of Peace Links.
Ralph BUNCH (USA
United Nations peace envoy, Nobel Peace Prize winner.
Julia de BURGOS (Puerto Rica
Schoolteacher, poet. She fought sexism, fascism, dictators, class, racial
prejudice, and colonialism, and was persecuted by the FBI.
Elihu BURRIT (see True 1992)
Helen CALDICOTT, M.D.
Leader against nuclear war, author of Missile Envy (free copies available
at OMNI office).
Helder CAMARA (see True 1992)
Kay CAMP (USA
Former International and U.S. WILPF/Women's International League for Peace
and Freedom president. Awarded Martin Luther King Jr. Award by the Fellowship
of Reconciliation in recognition of her lifetime commitment to peace activism.
Peace and Freedom (Spring 2000) 23.
Jimmy CARTER
Former President of USA and founder of Carter Center for world peace, Carter
advocated human rights, peacemaking, and concern for the poor through negotiation
and research. The American Friends Service Committee twice nominated Carter
for the Nobel Peace Prize. According to Douglas Brinkley, The Unfinished
Presidency (1998), Carter became "a true believe in Quaker nonviolence.
Thus...Carter disapproved of every U.S. military intervention since he had
left the White House" (472). "'Peace is a human right, environmental
quality is a human right, democracy and freedom are human rights'" (p.
478).
Rene CASSIN
Former president of the European Court for Human Rights, author of the Universal
Bill of Rights, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968.
Cesar CHAVEZ (see True 1992)
His nonviolent strike methods won advances for farm workers.
Castillo, Richard G. del, and Richard Garcia. Cesar Chavez: A Triumph of
Spirit. Oklahoma UP, 1997.
Noam CHOMSKY (see True 1992)
Leading writer against US imperialism.
Ramsey CLARK
Great humanitarian, defender of people of Iraq against murderous embargo,
author of book on US war crimes against Iraqi people.
Maura CLARKE (see True 1992)
Sue COE
Jaques-Yves COUSTEAU
Great environmentalist, especially for the seas.
CROWFOOT (see Sherrow)
Merle CURTI (USA
Scholar of peacemaking: The American Peace Crusade, 1815-1860 and
Bryan and World Peace
XIVth DALAI LAMA (see Hopkins)
Sam DAY ( -2001)
Worked tirelessly for a nuclear-free world as writer, activist, political
prisoner, coordinator of the US Campaign to Free Mordechai Nanunu, past editor
of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and The Progressive, past
director of Nukewatch, recipient of the US Fellowship of Reconciliation's
Martin Luther King, Jr., Peace Prize.
"Sam Day 1926-2001" and "Enduring Words from Sam Day,"
Nukewatch Pathfinder (Spring
Ada DEER (see Sherrow)
DEGANAWIDAH (the Peacemaker) (see Sherrow)
David DELLINGER (see True 1992)
Barbara DEMING
Dorothy DETZER
A leader of the WILPF during the 1920s and 30s; see Carrie Foster's The
Women Warriors on the WILPF.
Danilo DOLCI (Italy, 1928-
Called the "Italian Gandhi," Dolci lived among the poor and worked
to change the corrupt government and Mafia to alleviate suffering, using fasts,
reverse strikes, and other methods.
Desmond DOSS
Conscientious objector Congressional Medal of Honor winner in WWII. Booton
Herndon, The Unlikeliest Hero. Pacific Press, 1967.
Albert EINSTEIN
Known mainly for his physics theories, also great as advocate for peace.
Adolfo Perez ESQUIVEL
Joseph FAHEY
Initiated peace studies at the collegiate level (Manhattan College) over two
decades ago.
Benjamin FERENCZ
Saint FRANCIS (Italian,
He sacrificed everything to follow the nonviolent Jesus. Famous for his book,
The Little Flowers of St. Francis. Recent bio: Valerie Martin, Salvation:
Scenes from the Life of St. Francis.
J. William FULBRIGHT
Bennett, James R. "Peace Profile: J. William Fulbright." Peace
Review (11.4 (1999) 609-615.
Jack GILROY (USA
Imprisoned for crossing the line at Ft. Benning, GA in 2000 in protest of
the School of Americas. Author of two unpublished novels about a youth becoming
a pacfist and war resister.
Emma GOLDMAN (see True 1992)
Hildegard GOSS-MAYR
She "may have done more than anyone alive to further nonviolence around
the world." Lester Kurtz, "Profile: Hildegard Goss-Mayr," Peace
Review 13.3 (Sept. 2001) 457-61.
Mikhail GORBACHEV
Last president of the USSR and 1990 winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
GREENHAM COMMON WOMEN (see True 1992)
Opposed US missiles in UK.
Sue GUIST (USA,
Stayed with The Great Peace March of 1986 all the way from Los Angeles to
Washington, DC. Read her account: Peace Is Like a River: A Personal Journey
Across America (Ocean Tree Books, 1991).
Alice Sachs HAMBURG (USA,1905-2001)
Prominent peace activist in the San Francisco Bay area for five decades before
her death at 96, when she was organizing protests against the war in Afghanistan.
Fannie Lou HAMER
Chana Kai Lee, For Freedom's Sake: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer. Rev.
Peace and Change (July 2001).
Dag HAMMARSKJOLD
Once head of the United Nations. His diary: Markings, containing poems,
reflections, quotations.
Thich Nhat HANH
Hanh is a Vietnames monk and Zen master, author of some 30 books. Thich Nhat
Hanh & Daniel Berrigan, The Raft Is Not the Shore: Conversations Toward
a Buddhist-Christian Awarenss. Plough Pub., 2001.
Michael HARRINGTON (see True 1992)
Lorraine HANSBERRY (U.S., 1930-1965)
Playwright and civil rights activist and writer
Vaclav HAVEL
Writer, freedom protester, former President of Czechoslovakia.
HAYENWATHA (see Sherrow)
Ammon HENNACY
A founder of the Catholic Worker movement.
Father Theodore HESBURGH
Opponent of nuclear weapons and other threats to humanity.
Dolores HUERTA (see True 1992)
Raymond HUNTHAUSEN (see True 1992)
King HUSSEIN of Jordan
Established peace with Israel and worked for peace throughout the Middle East.
Franz JAGERSTATTER (see True 1992)
Conscientious objector to the Nazis, imprisoned, and killed.
JESUS
Berrigan, Philip, and Elizabeth McAlister. The Time's Discipline: The Beatitudes
and Nuclear Resistance. Fortkamp, 1989. Beatitudes basis of Jonah House
and Plowshares opposition to war and unjust laws.
Dear, John, S.J. Jesus the Rebel: Bearer of God's Peace and Justice
(2000). Jesus' life and teachings counter the world of violence, nuclear weaponry,
poverty.
Laffin, Arthur, and Anne Montgomery, eds. Swords Into Plowshares: Nonviolent
Direct Action for Disarmament, Peace, and Social Justice. 2nd ed. Fortkamp,
1996. Nonviolent resistance to US violence: militarism, empire, nuclearism,
national security.
McSorley, Richard. New Testament Basis of Peacemaking. 3rd. ed. Herald,
1985. On war, just-unjust war, killing, pacifisim, the Bomb, etc.
KABAT (see below).
Petra KELLEY (Germany, 1947-1992)
Politican, a Green Party founder, antinuclear activist, human rights advocate.
Badshah KHAN (India, Pakistan,
Called the "second Gandhi," Khan led the Muslim nonviolence movement
among the Pashtun in eastern Pakistan, raising a nonviolent army of 100,000
unarmed soldiers willing overcome oppression by their capacity to suffer and
die. Eknath Easwaran, Nonviolent Soldier of Islam: Badshah Khan, A Man
to Match His Mountains.
Ouyporn KHUANKAEW(Thailand)
Active in the International Network of Engaged Buddhists, she trains peacemakers
in nonviolence and how to overcome oppression. Works especially with Burmese
refugess in the north of Thailand.
Carol Weiss KING (1895-1952)
Human Rights lawyer. Ann Ginger, Carol Weiss King. UP of Colorado,
1993.
Martin Luther KING, Jr.
Civil Rights Movement leader, winner of Nobel Peace Prize.
Dennis KUCINICH
Congressman from Ohio who leads drive for a Department of Peace and a Ban
on Weapons in Space. KUCINICH WORKING HARD Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-OH) has
reintroduced HR 3616, "The Space Preservation Act of 2002." The bill calls
upon the U.S. to ban all research, development, testing, and deployment of
space-based weapons and mandates the U.S. to enter into formal negotiations
to create a global ban on weapons in space. People are urged to contact their
Congressional delegations immediately and urge their co-sponsorship of the
bill. Rep. Kucinich also lead a group of 31 congresspersons in an effort to
stop the Bush administration from withdrawing from the ABM Treaty with Russia
without congressional approval. They filed a law suit before Judge John Bates,
federal district court in Washington DC, and a decision by the judge is expected
by the end of the year.
Aung San Suu KYI (see Hopkins)
Burmese civil rights leader, Nobel Peace Prize winner.
Bernard LAFAYETTE
Barbara LEE
The only person in Congress to vote against the invasion of Afghanistan. See
below.
Bob LA FOLLETTE
Nancy Unger, Fighting Bob La Follette (2001). Rev. Matthew Rothschild,
"Feet of Clay," The Progressive (Feb. 2001) 42-44. La
Follette opposed US entry into WWI; was one of six Senators to vote against
it, and he continued to voice his disapproval afterward. We now know he was
right.
David Russell LANGE
As Prime Minister of New Zealand he helped make the country nuclear free.
Barbara LEE (Rep. D-CA)
Cast the sole vote on Sept. 15, 2001 against authorizing President Bush to
use "all necessary and appropriate force" against anyone associated
with the terrorist attacks of Sep. 11. The measure passed 420-1 in the House
and 98-0 in the Senate. In 1998 she voted against the bombing of Iraq, and
in 1999 against sending US forces into Yugoslavia. "The Extraordinary
Conscience of Barbara Lee," Peacework (October 2001) 17.
Penny LERNOUX (see True 1992)
Rafael LEMKIN
Denise LEVERTOV (see True 1992)
Poet against war.
Elmer MAAS
Participated in protest at GE's nuclear missile plant in King of Prussia,
PA, Sept. 1980, beginning of Philip Berrigan's Plowshares actions.
Wangari Muta MAATHAI (Kenya, 1940-)
Green Belt Movement founder, civil disobedient.
Graca MACHEL (Mozambique, 1945-)
Activist lawyer and politician, wife of Mozambique President, then married
Nelson Mandela.
Mairead Corrigan MAGUIRE
Judith MALINA (Germany, U.S., 1926-)
Pacifist activist, writer, and producer of politcal theater
Wilma MANKILLER (see Sherrow)
Oklahoma Indian leader.
Emma MASHININI (South Africa, 1929-)
Trade union leader, Land Claims commissioner.
Rosemary MATSON (USA,
Lifetime defender of women's rights on the Monterey Peninsula, Calif., founder
of Continuing the Peace Dialogue global network especially with Russian women.
Recipient of the U.N. Association's 6th annual Pearl Ross Feminist Activist
Award. The Carmel Pine Cone (March 10, 1994); Monterey County Herald
(March 4, 2000).
Colman MCCARTHY
Writer, nonviolence advocate.
Elizabeth Anne MCKENZIE (USA
Nun imprisoned in the Pekin Federal Prison Camp along with others convicted
of trespassing during a November 2000 protest in which 3,400 people out of
some 8,000 crossed the line at Ft. Benning, Ga, to protest the School of Americas.
(See: Jack Gilroy).
Lise MEITNER
Patricia Rife. Lise Meitner and the Dawn of the Nuclear Age (1999).
Rev. Gary Goldstein, Peace and Change 26.1 (January 2001) 95-105.
Thomas MERTON (see True 1992)
Maria MONTESSORI
Advocated peace through education. Schools throughout the world are named
in her honor.
Sister Anne MONTGOMERY
Plowshares activist.
Howard MOORE
Colman McCarthy. "WWI Conscientious Objector Remembered." Liberal
Opinion Week (July 19, 1993) 28.
Laura Puffer MORGAN
A leader in the National Council on Prevention of War during the 1920s and
1930s.
Hans MORGENTHAU
Ellen Rafshoon, "A Realist's Moral Opposition to War: Hans J. Morgenthau
and Vietnam." Peace and Change 26.1 (January 2001) 55-77.
Bobby MULLER (see Hopkins)
Nobel Peace Laureate.
Nabawiya MUSA (Egypt, 1890-1951)
Feminist educator for girls, author of Woman and Work (1920).
Sarojini NAIDU (India, 1879-1949)
Friend of Gandhi in civil disobedience, Indian independence, ethnic toleration.
Scott NEARING
Fired at Toledo U in 1915 for his uncompromising pacifism, Nearing then became
director of the radical opposition to WWI, the People's Council of America,
which led to his indictment in 1918 under the Espionage Act for obstructing
the war effort, for which he was acquitted. Later in life he became an environmentalist.
Queen NOOR of Jordan
International Patron of the Land Mines Campaign and worker for peace and women
throughout the world.
Jim PECK
OURAY (see Sherrow)
PEACE PILGRIM
Peace Pilgrim: Her Life and Work in Her Own Words. 1st ed. 1982. From
1953 to 1981, Peace walked the country teaching her message of inner peace
as the foundation for ending violence and wars.
Rosa PARKS
Started the Montgomery, AL, bus boycott which Martin Luther King, Jr., led.
Linus PAULING
Nobel Peace Prize winner. Linus Pauling, "Humanism and Peace." The
Humanist (March/April 2001) 16-17 (from the March/April 1961 issue).
Madeleine PELLETIER (France, 1874-1939)
Militant pacifist, feminist, suffragist, socialist, doctor. Condemned war
for exploiting workers by profiteers and further reinforcing men's power over
women. While in the Red Cross she treated the wounded of both sides.
Yitzhak RABIN
Israeli peacemaker.
Dr. RADHAKRISHNAN (India)
Heads the Gandhi Smriti and the International Center of Gandhian Studies in
New Delhi. Recently elected Chairman of the Indian Council for Gandhian Studies.
His recent book, The Sparks of Nonviolence, follows more than 30 books
on all aspects of the nonviolent movement.
Jose RAMOS-HORTA (see Hopkins)
Nobel Peace Laureate.
Jeannette RANKIN
Pacifist from Montana: while member of the U.S. House of Representatives she
voted against both WWI and WWII.
O'Brien, Mary. Bright Star in the Big Sky (1995), for young adults.
Betty REARDON
Pioneer in peace education at Teachers College, Columbia Univ. She received
an Honorable Mention for the 2002 UNESCO Prize for Peace Education.
Emery REVES
Author of The Anatomy of Peace (1945). Memorial to his honor in Dallas.
Barbara and Earle REYNOLDS (USA
In 1958 the Reynolds sailed their boat the "Phoenix" from Hiroshima
into nuclear test waters in the South Pacific in an act of civil disobedience
against nuclear weapons. That and many other protest actions helped produce
the Partial Test Ban Treaty of August 1963.
Oscar ROMERO (see True 1992)
El Salvadoran bishop and advocate of the poor, murdered by the military.
Eleanor ROOSEVELT
US representative to the UN and main author of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights (UDHR). Activist for peace, social and economic justice, and
human rights.
Cook, Blanche Wiesen. Eleanor Roosevelt, 3 vols.
Carol ROSIN
Opponent of militarizing space. See Jack Manno, Arming the Heavens,
Chap. 17.
John ROSS
Molly RUSH
Plowshares activist.
Bayard RUSTIN
Daniel Levine, Bayard Rustin and the Civil Rights Movement. Rev. Peace
and Change (July 2001). Jervis Anderson, Bayard Rustin: Troubles I've
Seen, A Biography.
Carl SAGAN
Opponent of nuclear war (nuclear winter) and teacher of earth as planetary
member of the galactic system.
Andrei SAKHAROV
Richard Lourie, Sakharov: a Biography (Brandeis, 2002). Rev. The
Nation (July 1, 2002) by Dusko Doder.
Oscar Arias SANCHEZ (see Hopkins)
Former president of Costa Rica, a country without a standing army, Central
American peacemaker, advocate of International Code of Conduct for Arms Transfers
(weapons sales), and Nobel Peace prize winner in 1987.
Jonathan SCHELL
Writer against nuclear holocaust.
Oskar SCHINDLER (Germany,
Rescues hundreds of Jews during WWII from certain death.
Dorothy SCHNEIDER (USA, -September 21, 1998)
Initiated U.N. General Assembly Resolution 2782 (Dec. 6, 1971) declaring October
24 United Nations Day an international holiday; spent the rest of her life
persuading governments to make the occasion official.
John SCHUCHARDT
Participated with the Berrigans in protest of GE's missile plant in King of
Prussia, PA, Sept. 1980, the beginning of Philip Berrigan's Plowshares movement.
Albert SCHWEITZER
Scholar, musician, doctor in Africa, advocate of nonviolence.
SEATHL (Seattle)(see Sherrow and True 1992)
Native American peacemaker.
Huda SHAARAWI (Egypt, 1879-1947)
Suffragist, feminist: estab. the Egyptian Feminist Union, anti-colonialist.
Gene SHARP
Author of The Politics of Nonviolent Action (1973). Founder of the
Albert Einstein Institute (its newsletter: Nonviolent Struggle: News from
the Albert Einstein Institution, 427 Newbury St., Boston, MA 02115; einstein@igc.org).
Michael True, "Homage to Gene Sharp and the Albert Einstein Institution."
COPRED Peace Chronicle (Spring 2001) 11-13. Sharp is "rightly
regarded as the greatest theorist of nonviolence since Gandhi."
Vandana SHIVA (India, 1952-)
Defender of forests (see Maathai), Chipko movement and seed stock activist.
Sundar SINGH (India, 1889-1929)
India's most famous Hindu convert to Christianity, that is to Jesus, who lived
as a sadhu, or wandering holy man. Wisdom of the Sadhu: Teachings of Sundar
Singh. Comp. and ed. Kim Comer.
Vedran SMAILOVIC (Yugoslavia,
Amid the rubble of Sarajevo in 1992 and despite the bombings, he played his
cello in requiem for his slain neighbors.
Glenn SMILEY
Bob SMITH (USA
Director of Brandywine Peace Community, since 1977 conducting peace vigils
and acts of civil disobedience at General Electric's missile plant in King
of Prussia, PA Assoc. with Plowshares.
Samantha SMITH (USA
Child from Maine who wrote to USSR premier about peace and went to the USSR.
Mitch SNYDER (USA
Founded the Community for Creative Nonviolence in Washington, DC as an advocate
for the homelss in the US. He used a homelss shelter across from the White
House, street theater, fasts, and other methods to draw attention to Pres.
Reagan's increased.military spending while cutting social supports.
SPOTTED TAIL (see Sherrow)
Michael SPRONG
Nukewatch/ELF protester (see Urfer)
William STAFFORD (see True 1992)
I. F. STONE
Critical journalist opposed to US abuse of power.
Bertha von SUTTNER
Prominent WWI pacifist, author of anti-war novel, Lay Down Your Arms (1889),
Nobel Peace Prize 1905, prescient analyst of future wars and peace.
Marj SWANN
Van SYVORN
Works at village level in Cambodia, teaching conflict resolution, meditation,
and Buddhist precepts for living a compassionate, nonviolent life. Also leads
yearly week-long peace walks calling for reconciliation, education, health,
and solidarity for the people of Cambidia.
Keshia THOMAS (USA,
A black woman who saved a white racist from an angry anti-Klan rally in 1996.
Hugh THOMPSON (USA,
US helicopter pilot during Vietnam War who stopped the My Lai massacre.
Henry David THOREAU (see True 1992)
Author of treatise on civil disobedience.
Sandile THUSI (South Africa
His organization of hunger strikes in South African prisons helped bring an
end to apartheid South Africa.
Pastor Andre TROCME (France,
Trocme, his wife, and the villagers of Le Chambon, France, rescued thousands
of Jews from the Nazi Holocaust. Only one hidden Jew was ever found, and he
was released soon after.
Michael TRUE
Author of An Energy Field More Intense Than War: The Nonviolent Tradition
and American Literature" (1995) and other books; now teaching "Building
a Peace Culture" at the Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis.
Rigoberta Menchu TUM (see Hopkins)
Nobel Peace Laureate
Ted TURNER (USA
On Sept. 18, 1997, media magnate Ted Turner pledged $1 billion ($100 million
a year for 10 years) to help the United Nations fight disease and hunger,
find homes for refugees, and clean up land mines around the globe.
Archbishop Desmond TUTU (see Hopkins)
Nobel Peace Laureate.
Bonnie URFER
Nukewatch/ELF protester (see M. Sprong, Sam Day), at present, along with Sprong,
in jail.
William L. URY (USA
Co-founder and Assoc. Dir. of The Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School
and directs the Project on Preventing War at The Program on Negotiation. Co-author
(with Roger Fisher) of Getting to YES: Negotiation Agreement Without Giving
In (1981) and author of Getting Past NO: Negotiation Your Way from
Confrontation to Cooperation (1991).
Harry R. VAN DYCK
Exercise of Conscience: A World War II Objector Remembers (Prometheus).
Mordechai VANUNU
Exposed Israel's nuclear arsenal, sentenced to 18 years solitary confinement
in 1986.
"Witness of Mordechai Vanunu," Swords Into Plowshares ed.
Arthur Laffin and Anne Montgomery (1996).
Raoul WALLENBERG
Swedish diplomat who rescued thousands of Hungarian Jews from being sent to
Nazi concentration camps. He was arrested and imprisoned by the USSR and died
in prison. The U.S. made him an honorary citizen. See the film "Good
Evening, Mr. Wallenberg." (1990) 115 min.
Marilyn WARING (New Zealand, 1952-)
Member of Parliament, feminist economist, antinuclear activist
WASHAKIE (see Sherrow)
Annie Dodge WAUNEKA (see Sherrow)
Cora WEISS
Head of Hague Appeal for Peace, long history as peacemaker..
Ida B. WELLS
Resisted Jim Crow in the South, struggled against male prejudice and unfairness.
See: Linda McMurry, To Keep the Waters Troubled: the Life of Ida B. Wells
(Oxford, 2000).
Betty WILLIAMS (see Hopkins)
Northern Ireland. Nobel Peace Laureate
Jody WILLIAMS (U.S. 1950-)(see Hopkins)
Nobel Peace Laureate for opposition to landmines..
Brian WILLSON (USA
A Vietnam War veteran, Willson fasted on the steps of the US Capitol to stop
aid to the US supported "contras" invading Nicaragua; he worked
to halt US arms shipments to Central American dictators; and he lost his legs
when a weapons train at the Concord, CA, Naval Weapons Station ran over him.
WINEMA (Tobey Riddle) (see Sherrow)
Walter WINK (USA,
Famous for his analysis in The Powers That Be of the dehumanizing "domination
system" that leads humans to rely on the myth of "redemptive violence."
Jesus way of nonviolent resistance offers the only hope against wars and annihilation.
Lu XUN (see True 1992)
References
Cooney, Robert, and Helen Michalowski, eds. The Power of
the People: Active Nonviolence in the United States. Culver City, CA:
Peace Press, 1977.
Eckhaus, Phyllis, ed. Earthshaking Women: 20th-Century Rebels and Peacemakers.
New York: War Resisters League, 2001.
Hopkins, Jeffrey. The Art of Peace: Nobel Peace Laureates Discuss Human
Rights, Conflict and Reconciliation. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 2000.
Rabben, Linda. Fierce legion of Friends: A History of Human Rights. Quixote
Center, 2001.
Sherrow, Victoria. American Indian Lives: Political leaders and Peacemakers.
Facts on File, 1994. Short bios of great Native American peacemakers
for young readers.
True, Michael. Justice Seekers, Peace Makers. Twenty-Third Pubs., 1985.
Short bios of nonviolent peacemakers.
____. To Construct Peace: 30 More Justice Seekers, Peace Makers. Twenty-Third
Pubs., 1992 (2nd printing 1996).
B. Groups, Organizations, Movements
BAHA'I
BUDDHISM
CATHOLIC BISHOPS USA
Strong support for nonviolent peacemaking, publishing The Challenge of
Peace: God's Promise and Our Response (defending conscientious objection,
nuclear pacifism, resistance to war as Catholic tradition), Sowing Weapons
of War (against US weapons sales), and other works.
CATHOLIC WORKER MOVEMENT
Patrick Coy, "An Experiment in Personalist Politics: The Catholic Worker
Movement and Nonviolent Action." Peace and Change 26.1 (January
2001) 78-94.
CHRISTIANITY
McSorley, Richard, S.J. New Testament Basis of Peace Making. 3rd ed.,
Herald, 1985. The message of peace and justice found in the Gospels and Christian
Testament.
____. It's a Sin to Build a Nuclear Weapon: The Collected Works on War
and Christian Peacemaking of Richard McSorley, S.J. Ed. John Dear, S.J.
Fortkamp, 1991.
CHICAGO SEVEN
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS
"THE GOOD WAR" FILM Judith Ehrlich In 1989 I met a woman whose husband was
a World War II conscientious objector and had spent the war years in a Civilian
Public Service (CPS) camp. At that time, I thought I knew a lot about the
subject of conscientious objection, having just finished an educational film
on the draft for the American Friends Service Committee. I was stunned I had
never heard of CPS camps, and I figured that if I was unaware of this story,
I certainly was not alone. I became committed to documenting the history of
conscientious objection in the United States. In 1992 I finished a three part
public radio series, Against the Tide: Those Who Refused to Fight, which documented
conscientious objection from the Revolutionary War to the Gulf War. When Rick
Tejada-Flores and I began collaborating on this project, we focused on "the
good war" as the most dramatic and challenging period for pacifists. We quickly
learned that the impact of World War II conscientious objectors went far beyond
their acts of conscience during wartime. Rick Tejada-Flores I was a conscientious
objector during the Vietnam War, a war that was much easier to oppose than
World War II for many reasons. We were the generation that was changing the
world, and when we built a mass movement against the war, we were doing something
that had never been done before. My draft counselor had been a Quaker CO from
WW II, but somehow what that meant didn't even register. I thought of Dave
Dellinger as one of the Chicago Seven, not as one of the first people to go
to jail for refusing to cooperate with the draft in World War II. When I finally
began to explore the quiet heroism of the World War II conscientious objectors,
I was amazed at how much these men had accomplished and at how the story had
been suppressed for so many years. The men who opposed World War II were treated
very harshly by their country, but they never wavered in their principles.
Their story makes us examine our own values, and helps me understand that
what my generation accomplished was built on their efforts.
FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION
FOR "seeks to replace violence, war, racism, and economic injustice with nonviolence,
peace, and justice. We are an interfaith organization committed to active
nonviolence as a transforming way of life and as a means of radical change."
For faith-based OMNI members and others, FOR may be the right national organization
for you, in addition to your denomination's peace org. (Pax Christi, Baptist
Peace Fellowship, etc.). The July/Aug. 2002 no. of its magazine, Fellowhsip,
includes articles on anti-Semitism, the Middle East, Buddhism, "Nonviolence
Works," Vieques, Colombia, a review of a new book on the history of US violence,
"The Missing Peace," and a lot more.
NEPTUNE GROUP
Ralph Levering and Miriam Levering. Citizen Action for Global Change: The
Neptune Group and the Laww of the Sea. Rev. Peace and Change (July
2001. How a NGO coalition helped produce the 1982 Law of the Sea Treaty.
NONVIOLENT ACTION, PACIFISM, CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION, CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE
Ackerman, Peter, and Jack Duvall. A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent
Conflict. St. Martin's, 2000. Condensed into 2 2-hour long tv documentaries.
And see: http://www.pbs.org/weta/forcemorepowerful.
Peter Brock and Nigel Young. Pacifism in the Twentieth Century (1999).
Rev. Sandi Cooper, Peace and Change 26.1 (January 2001) 106-108.
H. Bruce Franklin, "The Antiwar Movement We Are Supposed to Forget."
Chronicle of Higher Education (October 20, 2000). Demonstrators brought
the long war finally to an end.
Felicity Goodall. A Question of Conscience: Conscientious O bjection in
the Two World Wars (1997). Rev. Larry Gara, Peace and Change 26.1
(January 2001) 118-20.
Heineman, Kenneth. Put Your Bodies Upon the Wheels: Student
Revolt in the 1960s. Ivan Dee, 2001. From nonviolent to violent protest.
Herngren, Per. Path of Resistance: The Practice of Civil Disobedience.
New Society, 1993. Describes the power of civil disobedience to rejuvenate
dialogue, reintroduce ethics, revive democracy, and resisst war, oppression,
and injustice.
Holmes, Robert, ed. Nonviolence in Theory and Practice. Reissued by
Waveland, 2001 (847-634-0081).
Laffin, Arthur, and Anne Montgomery, eds. Swords into Plowshares: Nonviolent
Direct Action for Disarmament, Peace, Social Justice. (Rev. Ed. 1996).
Explains why nonviolent civil disobedience is divine obedience and imperative
for bringing about disarmament; what the connections are beetween faith, nonviolence,
and resistance; and many other theoretical and practical issues.
Tracy, James. Direct Action: Radical Pacifism from the Union Eight to the
Chicago Seven. U Chicago, 1996.
PEACE AND JUSTICE STUDIES ASSOCIATION
The new peace organization formed out of the merger of COPRED (Consortium
of Peace, Research, Education, and Development) and PSA (Peace Studies Association)
has been named Peace and Justice Studies Association. Its 2002 national conference
was held in Washington, DC/Georgetown October 4-5.
PLOWSHARES, JONAH HOUSE, ANTI-NUCLEAR
Berrigan, Philip, and Elizabeth McAlister. The Time's Discipline: The Beatitudes
and Nuclear Resistance (1989). A "diary on the run" of the Jonah
House Community.
RACISM, OPPOSITION (see Civil Rights Movement)
Herbert Aptheker, Anti-Racism in U.S. History: The First Two Hundred Years.
Greenwood, 1992.
UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST ASSOCIATION
The accumulating resolutions from the annual conferences constitute the creedless
UUA. Among its resolutions on peacemaking: 1961: "belief in total universal
disarmament....urges a treaty to effectively ban the development and testing
of nuclear weapons"; 1963: desire for "an inspected test-ban treaty";
1966: against proliferation of nuclear weapons; 1967: pledges to align itself
with other religious organizations "to form an ethical consensus on securing
peace"; 1968 and 1969: two resolutions calling for end of anti-ballistic
missiles and multi-warhead offensive missiles (MIRVs); 1970: urges end to
selling arms abroad, iterates stand for Comprehensive Nuclear Testing Ban;
etc. pp. 203-230. UU has similar peacemaking positions on social justice and
the environment.
At their 2002 General Assembly in Canada, the UU Peace Fellowship presented their Adin Ballou Award to all UU conscientious objectors.
WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM
Leila J. Rupp, Worlds of Women: The Making of an International Women's
Movement (1998). Rev. Sandi Cooper, Peace and Change 24.3 (July
1999) 434-36.
C. Extended Biographies
KARL KABAT
Subject: Bill Jonson's column April 11, 2000 Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2001 14:22:45
-0600 From: Bill Sulzman
When I grow up, I want to be like Carl Kabat. Oh, but I know
I'll never have his guts. Or his outsized commitment to an abiding belief.
Nor could I, like him, do 15 years in this nation's federal penitentiaries.
And he didn't kill anyone.
Carl Kabat, 67, is a Roman Catholic priest. He is back in Denver, the feds
yet again nipping at him, trying to stuff him in prison at least one more
year. He has held a mirror to their faces, which he has done for nearly 30
years. Now, as then, they don't like it. This is what Rev. Kabat did: In August
of last year, he donned a clown suit and scaled the fence surrounding a Minuteman
III nuclear missile site about 80 miles northeast of Denver. There, he placed
bread, wine and a hammer on top of the silo and prayed. He is charged with
entering a fenced military site without permission. Trespassing. Trial is
set for April 30. "We are fools and clowns for God and humanity's sake," Kabat
says to explain the clown suit. "We bring bread and wine and a hammer as symbols
of life in this damnable place of death." I met him quite by accident a couple
of months ago. He is a man embittered not at all who, when asked of the lengthy
prison sentences he has endured, merely chuckles. Oh, the stories he tells.
His first prison stretch occurred after he participated in an anti-nuclear
arms protest in Plains, Ga., shortly before Jimmy Carter was sworn in. In
1980 he, along with the Berrigan brothers, Philip and Daniel, and five others
were arrested in Pennsylvania for hammering on nuclear missile nose cones
at a General Electric plant. That cost him seven years prison time. He spent
another seven years for damaging a missile silo in Kansas City with three
others. On Good Friday 1994, he dawned a clown suit and did the same to a
missile silo in North Dakota. It netted him another 4 years. His graying crew
cut is thinning almost to the point of nonexistence. He is missing some teeth.
Laugher tumbles from his mouth as he discusses the government's attempt to
silence him. "They've jailed -- killed -- so many of the good ones. But we
are called to do things. Sometimes, it isn't always pleasant." Not once in
our long conversation did he ever complain of his incarceration. He explains
it this way: In 1965, he accepted a missionary assignment to the Philippines.
It was there, he said, he saw the negative impact of U.S. foreign policy on
poor nations. He saw children in abject poverty starve to death, while its
government reaped billions of U.S. aid. In 1969, he left for a four-year missionary
stint in Brazil. Again, it was the same thing. "I saw a nation with limited
resources spending millions buying U.S. weapons while its people suffered."
So, he said, he decided "to beat those swords into plowshares." "If he had
bent down," Denver attorney Walter Gerash told the court, "and kissed the
missiles and said, "Hosanna! I love these missiles!' Would there be a case?
I don't think so." Gerash is representing Kabat for free. The government says
Kabat trespassed, plain and simple. And should be punished. I haven't done
justice to the story of the Rev. Carl Kabat here. Yet if the government does
prevail, know he will go to prison yet again, and without complaint. And that,
in a variety of ways, would be remarkable. And a bit of a sin. Bill Johnson's
column appears Saturday, Wednesday and Friday. Rockybj@aol.com or (303) 892-2763.
April 11, 2001 MORE JOHNSON COLUMNS » 2001 © The E.W. Scripps Co. Privacy
Policy and User Agreement Questions? Comments? Talk to Us.
BARBARA LEE
from www.alternet.org Breakfast of Champion Erin Aubry Kaplan, LA Weekly May
10, 2002
I've been feeling very short of heroes lately. Heroes, I've discovered
in the infancy of my middle age, are not only for kids or the socially disadvantaged
or the hopelessly naive; they're for everybody, particularly everybody who
peddles hope for a living -- activists, artists, alternative-weekly columnists
-- in one way or another. Just because I grew up and stopped tacking posters
of my favorite people on the bedroom walls doesn't mean I don't need to elevate
an image anymore. Of course I've always had my father to look to, but family
is a very niche kind of heroism, and since my father suffered through the
slow entropy of the civil rights movement and is a longtime alternative-weekly
columnist himself, well, he's got troubles of his own. No: After passing 40
this year I needed someone big, public, hagiographic, a bright but sufficiently
distant light of reason and rock-star certitude who would reinforce what I
can now safely call a world-view and a set of beliefs. Someone to affirm the
things I had already come to admire -- not as exciting as an object of teenage
adulation, but still the oxygen I needed to fuel the imagination I had left.
I got some air last week. My father did too. We were both media panelists
at a breakfast forum (it was bound to happen) that's held monthly, an itinerant
event that gathers together various black people in town and presents speakers
who tell us why we should and must keep hope alive. I generally attend, for
the prospect of hope as well as the far more assured prospect of free scrambled
eggs and chicken wings, which is frankly no small consideration at 7:30 in
the morning. The guest speaker this time was Barbara Lee, the Alameda County
congresswoman who supplied the only vote against last September's House measure
to authorize the use of military force in Afghanistan. Instantly lauded and
instantly attacked, Lee became an overnight icon who was later not exactly
forgotten, but set aside as time went on and the War on Terrorism graduated,
for all of us, from a heated controversy into merely what is. Barbara Lee
offered something of what she is, a tiny bit of sobering truth that nonetheless
cracked open a critical window of what might be. She is no rock star. She
is trim, composed, friendly yet authoritative in a way that didn't jibe with
my picture of her as a Berkeley ideologue or Black Panther flame keeper. She
considerately let everybody down most of their eggs and chicken wings before
mounting the podium and delivering a very clear explanation of why she'd done
what she'd done. She also offered an examination of why George W. Bush's administration
was doing what it was doing. As Lee spoke, the heretofore unthinkable happened:
People put down their forks. The room got utterly quiet. The more Lee talked
about September 11, the more it fell away and the more we all could see, again,
the absolute relevance of all those things we assumed had hardened into unusable
history, at best permanently stashed in an abeyance file -- the woes of a
black underclass, the need for adequate schools, health care and a million
other concerns that underclass had always illuminated throughout history,
though certainly didn't have a corner on these days. Lee talked about America's
malign neglect of these things as laying down "seeds of despair, roots of
despair" that have bred a certain terrorism at home. The international scene
doesn't supplant the national one or even the local one because, Lee believes,
they are all touched to a degree by the same malign neglect and abuse -- and
willful abdication -- of power. It happened to be April 29 the day Lee spoke,
and in a nod to official riot-anniversary day, Lee talked about race relations
and America's eternal color wars, concluding that "true peace is not the absence
of tension, but the presence of justice." She actually talked less philosophy
-- she is principally against war, always has been -- than numbers and data
that chiefly concerned the federal budget and its grossly disproportionate
concern with military expenditures, and its tax breaks for the corporate and
the superwealthy. This was hardly new or shocking information, but that was
precisely the problem, that none of this had sounded new or shocking in an
inordinately long time -- eight months, to be exact. What was new was the
messenger, and the heroism it takes now to align such Great Society-era concerns
with the concerns of September 11. Lee didn't pit one atrocity against the
other, or decide which one was more or less morally outrageous, and therefore
more or less deserving of attention; she only pointed out several things at
once, and how they might be connected. "The budget," she declared at one point,
"is a blueprint for this country's values. These are costs that grow out of
fear and a misdefinition of security. It's also economic security." She decried
the USA-PATRIOT Act as the worst instincts of the times -- fear, miscarriage
of ideals and of moneys -- writ large in legislation. "We must not be sold
this impossible choice," said Lee, "between having liberty and having security."
Her voice was perfectly modulated, but Lee's words rang to me like those of
Patrick Henry, or Frederick Douglass. I felt a shiver of patriotism for the
first time since the 1984 Summer Olympics. Barbara Lee, in her pink suit and
clip earrings, was blowing away the War on Terrorism fog that had settled
around all of us for months and narrowed our visibility to almost zero. Things
had gotten so murky lately, and the War on Terrorism so enveloping, that it
felt possible to me that the war -- not institutionalized racism or a two-tiered
economy -- might actually be responsible for poor people of color; the war
might have shut down my neighborhood coffeehouse and screwed up my last 401(k)
quarterly reports. I felt a collective relief in the room as we all returned
to something, a worn groove of well, yeah. It didn't make us happy but made
us weirdly whole. I wasn't crazy, or off the beat; it was the American polity
that had obviously lost its mind. I glanced over at my father, who was busy
scribbling notes at the end of our table, something I'd never seen him do.
He was feeling some reinforcement, too, maybe recording it. Lee was sweeping
a light of truth around the room, but also from afar, assuring us that we
were overmatched and had been for eons -- but, in a phrase, so what? There
were eons left. I was charged, and because of that I had another question,
something badly in need of an answer right now. With heroes fully in mind
I stood up and asked Lee how it was that she had been the only black congressperson
to say no to war. I understood that many members of Congress of all ethnic
persuasions had very likely not voted with their consciences, that the enormous
emotion that built after the attacks quickly crested in a mob-mentality cry
for retaliation that overtook more normally prudent souls. Still, I said,
given everything black people stood to lose, have always stood to lose in
the big picture, given everything you've just described, what of the others?
What of Maxine Waters, of John Lewis, an avowed freedom fighter and my last
candidate for hero, one I retrieved from history after stumbling onto his
recently published autobiography? Lee paused -- her only pause of the morning.
She said that she couldn't judge her colleagues on the basis of a single vote.
Many had voted the right way on other matters, and it was wrong to discount
that. John Lewis had thought very long and hard about his vote, she said,
and was 99 percent certain he would vote against the war. "But there was 1
percent of him that was afraid of being viewed as soft on terrorism," she
said, almost sympathetically. "And that determined his vote." Lee meant this
as a defense, and in one way, it was. John Lewis' uncertainty was humanizing
-- heroic, even, by the standards of literature and 20th-century circumstance.
But in real life it was disappointing: I could tack him to my bedroom walls,
but only so high. My father asked a question about models of black leadership
and how that might change. Lee replied that the goods were all there but they
were piecemeal, that all the satellite black leadership had to come together
and form a common agenda. Then it was all over and everybody was on their
feet clapping and Lee was being spirited away to another stop on her L.A.
tour. People stayed on their feet to mingle and talk about what they'd just
heard, or felt. My father told me he wasn't entirely satisfied with Lee's
answer to his question -- "too pat, too pat!" he muttered -- but he described
his dissatisfaction with a vigor that bespoke a broader satisfaction with
something else. Barbara Lee told us in her talk that we were in a defining
moment. Many of us believed her. If only for a morning, that made heroes of
us all. Erin Aubry Kaplan is a staff writer at L.A. Weekly, where this story
originally appeared.
"Congresswoman Lee: Hero of the left Lone congressional
dissenter to war powers for Bush" July 1, 2002 Posted: 9:27 AM EDT (1327
GMT) http://www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/07/01/barbara.lee.ap/index.html SANTA
CRUZ, California (AP) --
President Bush and former New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani may be the new post-September
11 heroes for most of the United States, but in liberal pockets across the
nation, Congresswoman Barbara Lee -- the Oakland Democrat who was the lone
dissenter against the war on terrorism -- is the leader du jour. "There's
no doubt she's a national figure now," said Scott Lynch, a spokesman for Washington-based
Peace Action. "She's a hero to the entire progressive side of the electorate."
Saturday was declared "Barbara Lee Day" in Santa Cruz where a sold-out crowd
packed the aisles of a revamped movie theater. Supporters jumped to their
feet, hooting and cheering, when she told them part of democracy is questioning
authority. "It must not be unpatriotic to question a course of action, it
must not be unpatriotic to raise doubts. I suggest to you it is just the opposite,"
she said. Santa Cruz Mayor Christopher Krohn gave Lee a key to the city. "She's
become a national moral leader in awakening the movement for justice, peace
and a thorough re-examination of United States foreign policy," said Krohn.
The compliments have been echoed across the country. In Eugene, Oregon, she's
been named winner of the Wayne Morse Integrity in Government Award for 2002.
Kimberly Ead, director of the Peace and Human Rights Project in Burlington,
Vermont, said in her community, Lee "means hope for our political system."
Heroism seen in courage Lee makes her "Barbara Lee Day" entrance into the
Del Mar Theater with U.S. Rep. Sam Farr, a fellow Californian Democrat. Nationally,
the most admired people in the United States these days are George and Laura
Bush, Colin Powell and Rudolph Giuliani, according to a CNN-USA Today-Gallup
poll. Lee didn't even make the Top 20 women's list, which included Madonna
and Christine Whitman. The poll of 1,019 adults was taken in December and
has an error margin of plus or minus three percentage points. But Michael
Carrigan, program director of Salem-based Oregon Peace Works, said national
polls don't necessarily reflect the views of the peace movement. "We certainly
don't see Bush as a hero. The people we admire are people like Barbara Lee,
who had the courage to take a stand," he said. Lee's profile among the left
rose dramatically after her September 14 vote against a resolution giving
sweeping war powers to the president. "It was giving the president unlimited
authority to wage war against any country as long as it was being excused
with September 11," she said. Before then, said Carrigan -- a longtime peace
activist -- he had never even heard of her. "It's like night and day," he
said. 'Wild rhetoric,' 'vapid platitudes' While the high-profile vote drew
Lee cheers from antiwar activists, it prompted death threats and vehement
hatred from other Americans who felt she was unwilling to stand up for her
country. Council Nedd, a member of a Washington-based network of conservative
African-Americans called Project 21, said Lee doesn't deserve to be called
a hero. "She gets a lot of attention for her wild rhetoric and vapid platitudes,
but I wouldn't say she's an effective legislator, and that's what she was
elected for," said Nedd. Jerald Udinsky, a Republican financial economist
who is running against Lee for her congressional seat this fall, said Lee's
antiwar vote was what motivated him to challenge her. "I was outraged," he
said, "that she didn't support America defending itself from a direct attack."
Udinsky said he's been unable to raise anywhere near the $500,000 Lee has
collected for her campaign from labor organizations, peace groups and others,
according to data from The Center for Responsive Politics in Washington. "The
national party feels there is a relatively low probability of success here,
so it's hard to get funding," said Udinsky. "She's going to be hard to beat."
Army brat Born in El Paso, Texas, Lee is a self-described army brat -- her
father is a retired lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army. She was elected to
the House of Representatives for the traditionally Democratic 9th District
of California -- including Berkeley and Oakland -- in a 1998 special election
to fill the seat of retiring Congressman Ron Dellums. She's been a voice against
war in Congress in the past -- in 1998, she and four other members of the
House voted against authorizing the bombing of Iraq after it refused to allow
United Nations weapons inspections, and in 1999, she was the lone dissenter
voting against sending United States forces into Yugoslavia. But it wasn't
until Bush asked Congress to back him in his efforts to fight terrorism that
she became nationally known for her positions. "There's a lot of people who
think President Bush is a hero, but he's not my hero," said Carolyn Bninski
at the Boulder, Colorado-based Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center. "Barbara
Lee has a lot of courage. She listened to her inner voice and took a stand
against what the popular culture was promoting. Now that's heroic." Copyright
2002 The Associated Press
BONNIE URFER
Urfer to serve 5 months Will not pay for poles cut during ELF facility protest
Thursday, Dec. 13, 2001 By KEVIN MURPHY Special to the ASHLAND (WISCONSIN)
Daily Press MADISON -- A protester who defied a court order to pay for the
damage she did to the U.S. Navy ELF antenna system was sentenced Wednesday
in federal court to five months in prison. After serving a six-month prison
term for cutting down three poles of the ELF antenna grid, Bonnie L. Urfer,
47, of Luck, has refused to pay any of the $7,492 restitution Federal Magistrate
Stephen Crocker ordered Urfer and co-defendant Michael Sprong to pay to the
Navy and a company that replaced the poles. "It would be a prostitution of
her beliefs to engage in the behavior and then pay to have the poles put back
up," Urfer's attorney Margaret Danielson, told Crocker. Urfer's defended her
act of act of civil disobedience at trial last February, contending it was
obeying international law which has outlawed the use of first-strike nuclear
weapons, of which ELF is a component. Urfer and Sprong claimed that nuclear
weapons posed an imminent danger to the world's safety and they were justified
in disabling ELF, which is used to communicate with submerged submarines which
carry nuclear missiles. On Wednesday Crocker found Urfer in violation of her
probation but instead of more prison, Danielson asked Crocker to let Urfer
satisfy her restitution obligation with a $1,000 check for use by patients
of a Veteran's Hospital. "A year in prison would only cost the taxpayers money
and may encourage others to take her place," Danielson said. Danielson asked
Crocker to liken Urfer's offer to that of a conscientious objector who drives
an ambulance during a war and not a tank. Because of her financial situation,
it would be doubtful if Urfer could ever repay the government and would never
contribute to the Navy's cause, Danielson said. Statues allow restitution
to other parties if the victims agree, but Assistant U.S. Attorney John Vaudreuil
refused to comply. "Defendants don't get to pick and choose who will be compensated
and which court orders they will follow," he said. Nearly all of defendants
ordered to pay restitution pay some amount, said Vaudreuil. Even Sprong, who
after serving a two-month sentence, has paid "$20 here and there," said Vaudreuil.
Vaudreuil refused to make an exception for Urfer despite how noble she thought
her proposal to be. Crocker agreed that court orders have to be respected
but never believed that Urfer would pay any restitution to repair a military
installation. He expected Urfer would rather serve a year in prison than pay
but said the government could still obtain a civil judgment for the amount
of restitution Urfer owes. Eleven months in prison, close to the offense's
maximum punishment, was what Crocker had expected Urfer to serve and he said
he was not going to grant Vaudreuil's request for Urfer to serve more than
that amount. Urfer was prepared to immediately start serving her sentence
but after Crocker asked her to reconsider, Urfer agreed to wait until after
the holidays and report on Jan. 4. "I would have preferred to go right away,
but my mother would be so happy if I would be home for Christmas... and this
way I will still be home for next Christmas too," Urfer said after court.
_______________________________ Nukewatch P.O. Box 649 Luck, WI 54853 Phone
(715) 472-4185 Fax (715) 472-4184 Web http://www.nukewatch.com
JULIA BUTTERFLY HILL
Julia Butterfly Hill Arrested in Ecuador Howdy, I am passing this along because
-- well, cause I have met her and she is a powerhouse -- she spent 2years
in a redwood tree to save it from being cut down and faced serious terror
tactics from the lumber corporation ... I told her I would do my best to get
the boys to stop bombing and for her to keep up her great work getting folks
to 'reuse, recycle, respect, and reduce' consumer use. So now she is going
after the real big boys -- I thought she deserved the press and our support.
In peace Sharon >From: Circle of Life Foundation
DR. HOWARD LEVY
Subject: A 60's Lightning Rod, Now on History TV A 60's Lightning Rod, Now
on History TV By JOSEPH P. FRIED
[I] t was one of the most highly publicized acts of resistance to the Vietnam
War. In 1967, a United States Army doctor, Capt. Howard Levy, was court-martialed
for refusing to provide medical training for Special Forces soldiers headed
for the war zone. Captain Levy, a 30-year-old dermatologist from Brooklyn,
was convicted of disobedience and seeking to promote disloyalty. He served
26 months in prison. His action, admirable and principled to opponents of
the war and abominable and perfidious to its supporters, followed what he
said had been his intensifying belief that the war was wrong, and that by
continuing to give dermatological instruction to members of the elite Special
Forces, he was aiding the military campaign he abhorred. Dr. Levy, who in
1965 had begun a scheduled two-year Army stint, was released from prison in
1969. His court case continued, though, until 1974, when the United States
Supreme Court upheld his conviction, reversing a lower court ruling that the
military-code provisions enforced against him were unconstitutionally vague.
"I never thought I had a chance of winning," Dr. Levy, 65, said last week
of the Supreme Court case. From his Brooklyn home, he said he had "no regrets"
over the defiance that put him behind bars, and that he still considered the
Vietnam War "criminal, senseless mayhem." Long the director of dermatology
at the city's Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center in the Bronx, Dr. Levy
said his Vietnam-era experience "hasn't affected my career in a financial
sense." He added, "I think I have done pretty much what I would have done
if I hadn't had that experience." He has been on the staff at Lincoln since
the 1970's, and is an associate professor of dermatology at New York Weill
Cornell Medical Center. Dr. Levy is still critical of America's use of military
force, as in Afghanistan and possibly in Iraq. He also said he felt an affinity
with those Israeli army reservists who have said they would refuse to serve
in the West Bank and Gaza Strip because of Israeli treatment of the Palestinians
there. The move from headlines to history has been completed for Dr. Levy,
who continues to be mentioned in written or televised accounts of the Vietnam
War. He occasionally gets a call from a student who wants to interview him
for a paper on the war or on the peace movement, he said. At Lincoln, those
who know of his long-ago days in the spotlight tend to be older colleagues;
younger ones, he said, tend not to know. But sometimes they learn. "They'll
come over and say, `I saw you on the History Channel,' " he said. _____________
D. HISTORIES, ANTH0LOGIES
1. SCHOOL OF AMERICAS
Hello. *Recently 37 people were sentenced to federal prison for protesting
at the School of the Americas, Ft. Benning, Georgia. These people dared to
point out our own "American Terrorists." In November thousands more will travel
to Georgia for the annual protest, at which more will illegally enter the
base to put their bodies in the way of America. Fr. Roy Bourgeois, a Maryknoll
priest, has served years in prison for these protests that he founded years
ago. Bourgeois is featured in a new book just released by Algora Publishing
of New York City, "Prophets Without Honor". ***SEEKING INDIVIDUALS TO DO REVIEWS
TO PROMOTE THE BOOK. A review copy will be sent to you upon request. Either
call W. Strabala or reply to this e-mail or contact the publisher: Andrea
Sengstacken Algora Publishing 222 Riverside Drive 16th Floor New York, NY
10025-6807 Editors@Algora.com [e-mail] 212-678-0232 212-663-9805 [fax] www.algora.com
[Algora website] http://www.algora.com/Prophets.htm [for more information
on "Prophets"] Lead author is William Strabala of Denver, a former reporter
for the Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News. [see below] [303-421-4770]
--- The book deals with the historical necessity of protest in the U.S. and
offers the lives and careers of these priests as example: Carl Kabat, Darrell
Rupiper, Roy Bourgeois, Frank Cordaro, Larry Rosebaugh, Charlie Litecky. PROPHETS
WITHOUT HONOR: A Requiem for Moral Patriotism by William Strabala, Michael
Palecek 380 pp., 2002 ISBN 1-892941-98-8 paper, 1-892941-99-6 hardcover Available
from Barnes & Noble or Amazon.com The book tells the story of a group of American
men who happen to be priests ‹ who happen to have served decades in American
prisons ‹ and the stalwart women who helped them form an international movement
called Plowshares. In so doing, the book tells the morally patriotic story
of America, a story told before only from behind an open hand across the face,
like a football coach talking to his spotters in full view of a national television
audience, afraid someone might see. Darrell Rupiper, Larry Rosebaugh and Carl
Kabat are Oblate missionary priests. Frank Cordaro is a diocesan priest from
Des Moines. Roy Bourgeois is a Maryknoll priest. Charlie Liteky is an ex-Trinitarian
priest. Rupiper was in the national spotlight during the Iran hostage crisis.
He traveled to Iran as part of team of clerics hoping to gain the release
of the hostages. Rosebaugh now lives with the poor in El Salvador. He was
a member of the Milwaukee 14, a group that burned draft records in accord
with the example set by the Berrigan brothers at Catonsville, Maryland in
1968. Kabat has served over 16 years in United States federal and state prisons
since 1980 as a result of his anti-military actions. Cordaro has served half
a dozen federal prison terms for his anti-nuclear activities. He has also
given sanctuary to a manure spreader in support of Iowa farmers. During the
Carter presidency Cordaro found himself on the front page of the Washington
Post after he stood in front of Carter during a press conference to tell the
world the truth about the SALT treaty. Bourgeois, from the deep south and
a former military officer who served in Vietnam, recently made his own front-page
news [NY Times, Washington Post, others] as leader of the massive protests
at Fort Benning, Georgia calling for the closing of the School of the Americas.
Bourgeois and Rosebaugh also served prison terms in the 1980s when they sneaked
into Fort Benning, climbed a tree and played a tape outside the Salvadoran
soldiers' barracks of the last sermon given by slain archbishop Oscar Romero.
Liteky is a former chaplain who served in Vietnam. He received the Congressional
Medal of Honor, and later surrendered it, challenging General Abrams and President
Nixon in the process. With the exception of Cordaro, all of these men began
their clerical careers as missionaries, in Brazil, the Philippines, Bolivia
and Vietnam, and discovered America in the process. They discovered that the
trail of the poor leads through such countries directly back to America. It
leads directly to Rupiper's home in Carroll, Iowa; to Rosebaugh and Kabat's
roots in rural Illinois; to Cordaro's Des Moines Italian household, and to
the nation's capital, where Liteky was born. They also discovered that the
America they grew up in never existed. They read history and learned about
America's militarism, its attempts at global hegemony, and they felt they
must resist. They wanted with all their hearts for their childhood America
to be made real ‹ a just and loving America ‹ even if that meant they must
spend years behind prison walls. Recounting the as-yet untold story of these
American heroes, the book weaves with a consistent thread the American story,
a story of political protest grounded in historical necessity. In the Cold
War Soviet Union few people knew about Solzhenitsyn. For many reasons, few
in America know about these priests, even though they have managed to make
front-page news at different times. The Berrigan brothers are the prototype
for Rupiper, Cordaro, Rosebaugh, Kabat and Bourgeois. Just this past year
78 year-old Philip Berrigan was put again into prison for damaging a U.S.
fighter plane used in the bombing of Yugoslavia. And yet the American public
is largely unaware. Strabala and Palecek want the world to know about these
priests. They feel it is imperative the United States populace becomes aware
of the existence of these men. Not because these priests desire an audience,
but because if America is to become the America it can be, that it should
be, we need to know the whole story - not just the official story that is
dribbled out to us as someone sees fit. There is no book like this that we
know of. Those books about protest talk about the '60s - safe dialogue now
that it is ancient history. Billy Graham has a book out entitled Prophet With
Honor. We propose that these Prophets practice a very different type of Christianity
than Rev. Graham and officialdom preach to the American public. Governmental
deceit, protest, responsibility and truth are not "1960s things." They are
"now" things. About the Authors Strabala and Palecek are natural coauthors:
both ex-seminarians, both ex-newspapermen, both friends of the heroes of this
book, both peace activists from Midwestern America. William M. Strabala. 64,
was born in Iowa City, Iowa, during the Great Depression, the fifth of 13
children. He has lived in Colorado since graduating from the University of
Iowa in 1962 with a Master¹s degree in journalism. Now retired, in his communication
career he worked for The Denver Post, the Rocky Mountain News, IBM, several
public relations firms and Public Service Company of Colorado. He is author
of several other books, reams of poetry, and dozens of songs, all unpublished.
When not sculpting in wood, or writing, he continues work on a musical. Bill
also holds two U.S. patents in the arena of environmentally sound energy-saving
building materials. As such, he is founder-president of Midway Environmental
Associates, Inc. He and his wife, Rosalind, live in Arvada, Colorado, near
Denver. They have three sons and five grandchildren. Michael J. Palecek. 44,
was born in Norfolk, Nebraska, and lives with his wife, Ruth, and two children,
Sam and Emily, in Sheldon, Iowa. A devotee of small-town life, Mike says of
himself, ³I have been to federal prison and the O¹Brien County Fair.² In his
communications career he has worked as a weekly newspaper reporter and award-winning
editor-publisher in Minnesota. His jail experience stems from his peaceful
anti-war protests at the Offutt Air Base near Omaha. Regardless, the people
of Iowa¹s Fifth Congressional District selected him as their candidate for
the U.S. House on the Democrat ticket in 2000 with a campaign fund of just
$6,000. He lost the race with one-third of the vote, but he is running again
in 2002 on the Green Party ticket. Mike¹s first book, KGB, was recently published
by AmErica House, Baltimore.