2009 MISSOURI

^{Last
updated: 6 September 2009}

Scroll Down for PEST MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

Go To: 2009 DEGREE-DAYS

NEW Go To: Missouri Grape Berry Moth DD Map

** Print 2009 Insect Trap Recording Form (pdf)**

PEST ALERTS:

BRAMBLES:

Raspberry Crown Borer: (Article: Scroll to pp. 6-9 = “Raspberry Crown Borer Biology/Management” or “RCB Facts”))

- mid September to mid October, adult moths emerge, mate and lay eggs on underside of upper canopy blackberry leaves, eggs hatch by late October and larvae walk to the base of the cane, chew into the cane just below the soil surface and hibernate. Larvae begin tunneling in crown in early April and by late May tunnel into lower floricanes and primocanes causing canes to wilt and die (turn brown to ground)

Scouting: Weekly in October, check underside of upper canopy leaves for brown eggs.

Control: in late October or early November or by bud break in spring, kill newly emerged, hibernating larvae by applying a soil drench to the base of canes using bifenthrin (Brigade 2EC, Capture 2E) or diazinon (Diazinon 5W, Diazinon 50W, Diazinon AG600 WBC).

Degree-day = DD = average daily temperature – base development temperature of insect

= (Max. daily temp. + Min. daily temp) / 2 – base temp. Base temperature for Grape Berry Moth = 47.3 F

APPLE & PEACH

Oriental Fruit Moth - 1st trap catch usually occurred in late March with 2^nd larval hatch occurring from 2,200 DD or after 7 July in NW Arkansas (click to see AR graph)

Codling moth – 1^st trap catch occurred in Arkansas between 25 to 28 April with 2^nd larval hatch expected 26^th June to 12 Julu in NW Arkansas (click to see AR graph).

GRAPES:

County	Predicted 3^rd grape berry moth hatch period
Barton	24 July to harvest
Boone	25 July to harvest
Crawford	24 July to harvest
Cape Girardeau	19 July to harvest
Lafayette	24 July to harvest

Grape Berry Moth (GBM): 1st trap catch on 20 April

- predict 2^nd larval hatch in late June to early July (1,300 DD).

- predict 3^rd larval hatch from late July to harvest (2,200 DD) see Table above or Click to see GBM DD graphs

Scouting: Weekly, check 100 clusters in the edge row by woods for first sign of GBM larval feeding damage.

Mean Trap Counts in Missouri

Purdy

Ste. Genevieve

Hermann

St. James

Rocheport

Waverly

Date

GBM

GJB

GBM

GRB

GBM

GRB

GBM

GRB

GBM

GRB

GBM

GRB

4/14

set

4/21

2.3

4/23

4/28

5/13

1.3

5.3

5/18

2.7

3.3

5/26

0.7

3.0

0.7

6/1

6/3

2.5

6/8

1.7

set

0.3

set

6/11

0.7

set

6/16

set

6/22

0.3

6/26

1.3

0.3

1.3

0.3

0.5

6/29

7/6

set

0.3

7/9

3.5

1.3

14.5

7/13

7/20

1.5

7/27

0.5

0.7

8/3

0.5

8/10

8/14

25.5

1.5

0.3

10.5

0.3

8/24

0.3

8/31

GBM = grape berry moth; GJB = mass trapped green June beetle; GRB = grape root borer

Cumulative Degree-day Graphs or See Picture of Pest

Codling Moth         See CM moth

Plum Curculio         See PC weevil

Grape Berry Moth     See GBM moth

Oriental Fruit Moth    See OFM moth

                                                  See Grape Phylloxera

       San Jose Scale        See SJS life cycle

^{Scouting & Management Recommendations}

^{Strawberry Clipper (SC)}

^{SCOUTING: From 1st open flower (strawberry or blackberry) April to
early May, make weekly inspections of 100 flowering clusters for presence of
cut flower bud stems or jar 100 flower clusters over a white paper dinner plate
and note number of clipper weevils (1/16" long with snout).}

^{CONTROL: If > 1% of clusters have severed flower stems or you one or
more weevils per 100 clusters, then apply insecticide only in evening after
flight of pollinators has ended. Currently, Actara, Bifenthrin (Brigade or
Fanfare), Mustang Max or Sevin are registered against clipper on brambles.}

^{Stink Bugs (SB)}

^{SCOUTING: From mid April to harvest, make weekly inspections of 100
fruit clusters for presence of SB nymphs.}

^{CONTROL: If > 5% of clusters have stink bug nymphs (no wings) then
apply insecticide only in evening after flight of pollinators has ended.
Currently, only Actara and Pyganic are registered against SB on brambles.}

^{Rednecked Cane Borer (RNCB)}

^{SCOUTING: From 1 May to early June, make weekly inspections blackberry
primocanes during the day}

^{CONTROL: If > 5% fruited canes with RNCB galls and you observe RNCB
adults on primocanes, then apply insecticide to primocanes in only in evening
after flight of pollinators has ended. Currently, only Admire (Pro or 2F) is
registered against RNCB on brambles.}

^{Oriental Fruit Moths (OFM)}

^{SCOUTING: We started trapping oriental fruit moths by 21 March in Arkansas (no traps in Missouri). Traps are to be set in apple or
peach trees by late March and checked for moth catch weekly - record the date
of 1st trap catch (biofix). Weekly from late April through rest of summer, look
for flagged peach terminals (dying terminal with tunneled pith) and randomly
select 100 fruit and cut open to check for larvae. Spray young peach trees to
prevent terminal flagging which adversely changes tree canopy shape.}

^CONTROL:

^{- After 1st trap catch, spray trees from 400 to 700 DD (base 45F) -
Spray for 2nd generation from 1300 to 1700 DD - Spray for 3rd and later
generation larvae after 2200 DD until harvest.}

^{Mating disruption (MD)}^{: MD is really effective against Oriental fruit moth
in orchards > 5 acres. Procedure: before 1st flight of 2nd generation adults
(mid May or 800 DD), Tie 100 Isomate-M Rosso MD ropes/acre as high in the tree
as you can reach. Note, these MD dispensers prevent OFM mating for at least 90
days in Arkansas.
Call Donn Johnson (479-575-2501) if you have questions about using MD ropes.}

^{Traps & MD Source:}

^{1) Pacific Biocontrol Corp, Vancouver,
WA 98685;
Telephone 1-800-999-8805;}

^{2) Great Lakes IPM, INC., Vestaburg,
MI 48891;
989-268-5911 or 800-235-0285}

^{Codling Moth (CM)}

^{SCOUTING: No codling moths trapped so far. Traps are to be set in apple
trees by 1 April and checked weekly for moths - record the date of 1st trap
catch (biofix). Weekly from early May through rest of summer, randomly select
100 fruit and check for larval feeding holes in skin or larvae inside apple.}

^{CONTROL: - After 1st trap catch, spray trees from 250 to 700 DD (base
50F) - Spray for 2nd generation from 1250 to 1700 DD - Spray for 3rd generation
from 2250 DD to harvest if you still see feeding damage and larvae in apples}

^{Mating disruption (MD)}^{: MD is effective against codling moth in orchards
> 5 acres. Procedure: before 1st flight of 2nd generation adults (early to
mid June or 900 DD), place 200 Isomate-CTT ropes/acre over terminals in upper
third of canopy. Note, these MD dispensers prevent CM mating for up to 120 days
in Arkansas.
Call Donn Johnson (479-575-2501) if you have questions about using MD ropes.}

^{Traps & MD Source:}

^{1) Pacific Biocontrol Corp., Vancouver,
WA 98685;
Telephone 1-800-999-8805;}

^{2) Great Lakes IPM, INC., Vestaburg,
MI 48891;
989-268-5911 or 800-235-0285)}

^{Grape Berry Moth}

^SCOUTING^{: As
of 21 April, we captured the first grape berry moths in Missouri – buds are just breaking.
From 1 April to late May, have 2 or 3 GBM pheromone traps set 6 ft above ground
from tree limbs at edge of woods adjacent to vineyard.}

^{- In late May, move traps to interior of vineyard.}

^{- Weekly after berries exceed 1/8” diameter (pea-size), check 300
clusters in perimeter row and 2nd row for damage (purple coloration of skin)
and use knife to lift damaged berry skin to see if a larva is present.}

^CONTROL:

^{-In May and early June, if > 1% of clusters have new damage with
larvae present then spray 1 or 2 rows around vineyard perimeter. Usually damage
by 1st generation larvae is restricted to perimeter vines, sometimes you see
damage in the second row.}

^{- In late June and early July, treat whole vineyard for second
generation larvae.}

^{San Jose Scale (SJS) or Grape Scale (GS) or
Grape Phylloxera (GP)}

^SCOUTING^{:
SJS, GS and GP crawler emergence spray periods occur during May.}

^{1) Set out SJS pheromone traps in scale-infested fruit trees by 1
April, note date of 1st trap catch & begin accumulating degree days above
51F (crawler hatch begins at 400-700 DD after 1st trap catch).}

^{2) In late April and again in June or early July, place several strips
of either double sticky Scotch tape or Scotch tape (sticky side out) around
infested grape canes (GS or GP) or fruit tree limbs (SJS). Begin checking
twice weekly for yellow crawlers on tapes (1/32" long = size of pin head;
use a hand lens).}

^CONTROL^{:
Keep fruit trees or grapevines protected with insecticide as long as live
yellow crawlers (SJS, GS or GP) persist in May (2 to 3 weeks).}

^{Japanese Beetle (JB)
(See information of JB):}

^SCOUTING^{:
Watch for the 1st foliar damage by adult JBs = mid to late June. - foliar
feeding damage (skeletonized leaves) continues on susceptible plants from
late-June through July.}

^CONTROL^{: By
1 July, protect susceptible foliage (upper third of canopy where JB are
feeding) with insecticide and repeat insecticide sprays every 10-14 days or
apply Surround kaolin clay to foliage and reapply after rain washes it
off}

^Mites

^SCOUTING^{:
Weekly from early May through harvest, locate blocks of mite-susceptible
cultivars of apple and peach, especially trees sprayed with a pyrethroid
insecticide - select 100 leaves randomly (10 leaves from 10 trees) and inspect
for presence of spider mites and predatory mites.}

^CONTROL^{:
Spray when trees exceed thresholds of:}

^{- In May, > 65% mite infested leaves (> 2.5 mites/leaf)}

^{- In June, > 77% mite infested leaves (> 5 mites/leaf)}

^{- In July, > 85% mite infested leaves (> 7.5 mites/leaf)}

^{Grape Root Borer (GRB)}

^{SCOUTING: Set out pheromone trap inside vineyard by 15 June and check
for moth catch biweekly. Monthly in mid July and mid August, select randomly
100 vines per block and look at the soil within 1-1/2 ft of trunk. Count the
number of amber GRB pupal skins laying on the soil surface. In 2005 and 2006,
we saw less than 5% of vines with pupal skins.}

^{CONTROL: Pupal skin counts > 10% this summer may indicate the need
next summer (by 1 July) to either: 1) apply Lorsban to soil on 1-1/2’
swath either side of trunks or 2) mass trap males by setting out one GRB
pheromone trap per acre to capture males. This latter approach slowly reduces
GRB population in the area over several years (mass trapping is still an
experimental approach I am conducting).}

^Main

^{Email
To: dtjohnso@uark.edu}

^{Donn Johnson (Faculty Web Page)}

^Webmaster:^{Donn Johnson:}^{dtjohnso@uark.edu}