Review for Cell Biology Exam 2001  [final form 12/10 5pm]

Please remember to bring your elongate tan or green SCAN-TRON card with 
options for a-e choices and a pencil with eraser.
Exam is 1230pm, Thursday Dec 13 in the regular lecture hall.

We have covered material this semester on many topics and, while the exam 
is not comprehensive [a set # of questions from each chpt], new topics 
generally utilize information, concepts and problem solving skills from 
previous chapters.  So studying for a final exam involves review of these 
consecutive and progressing topics.  The retest got you started in this 
direction.  Exam focus will be on new chapters - 19, 20, 21 and 10.  (Info 
from 16 will be covered in context of these chpts.)
The web site retains the chapter reviews [and some topical notes].
Below you will find some suggestions for studying which I hope will be useful.
  Good luck!


ABSOLUTE MUST KNOW -

	*Major macromolecules - their monomers and bonds; function(s)
                  and which are involves/associated with major pathways     
        *Cell compartments and their function(s) 
	*Enzymes - what they are, how they function 

        *Cell membranes - where they are; how composition affects function        
	     Aspects of cell membranes related to
		transport including problem; among compartments
                targeting - how are materials moved from palce to place in the cell
		energy transduction -general
		signal transduction
        
	*Information - role of DNA, nucleosomes, heterochromatin, histones
                 transcription and translation[main events and players]
        *Targeting - how are materials moved from palce to place in the 
             cell
        *Regulation of cell activities
                signal transduction
                gene expression      

Review your subject vocabulary!!	

Format [possible types of questions]

  	Multiple choice
	Short answer - factual, application
	Synthesis - interpret situation; explain; describe, compare		

Review in-class notes and suggestions for study.
Review terms and Perspective at ends of chapters.
I've gone thru these and placed an (**) before the most impt topics.  You 
could expect questions on this material.

New chapters - review questions

**Central Dogma - Fig 1
Flow of information is from DNA to RNA to protein  [and back - Fig 16.29] 
Be able to distinguish between replication, transcription and translation

What arguments did we use for the statement "Information is conserved 
- among  organisms and over evolutionary time"
 
** Triplet CODE
What is the relationship between the triplet code in DNA, the mRNA codon 
and the tRNA anticodon?
What is meant by "template" strand of DNA?

**Transcription  Figs 9 - 14, 16,17,20,23,24,26
How does transcription illustrate the concept of directionality of 
synthesis?
What are the stages of transcription? and what is happening in each of 
these stages?
What are some differences between transcription in prokaryotes vs 
eukaryotes? see pg 651
What is the relationship between transcription factors such as TFIID and 
the core promoter and RNA polymerase?
How are the three classes of RNA processed?
What is the function of a spliceosome?
What is the relationship of exons and polypeptide domains? F 26
Text questions to review: 2, 6, 7, 9

Useful Figures - 2,3,5-11,13,14, 16,17,19
What is a ribosome? Where are they synthesized? Where may they be located 
when functioning?  What is the significance of each of the three "sites" 
of the intact ribosome?

**Translation - converting the coded message of nucleotide bases in mRNA 
into aa sequence of polypeptide

**Be able to describe the main events and molecules involved in each of 
the stages of translation.

**Compare transcriptional and translational processing
Give an example of protein processing.
Give examples of proteins which function in the cytosol and in different 
compartments of the cell.
Distinguish between the events of cotranslational import and 
posttranslational import and where these events occur?

Practice - text ? #1, 3,4,5, concepts of 9,10

Review questions - **

  Contrast mechanisms for controlling anabolic vs catabolic pathways 
  Prokaryotes - what is an operon?
                how is it regulated?
      Compare/contrast regulation of lac and trp operon
      How do sigma factors regulate gene expression?

  What are some of the reasons given for the complexity of gene regulation in
       eukaryotes?
  What are transcription factors and what do they do?
  What is an enhanceosome?
  What is the function of a proteasome?
  Explain levels of regulation in Fig 21-11




Chpt 10 [pg 266 - 284] 

 LINK here for Chapter 
10 notes 


Fig 2, 4, 5, 9, 16
Rev questions -**
 
 Cells respond to signals from both the external and internal environment -
	make a list of these
	are there receptor cells for some of these in animals - such as?
	how do cells perceive chemical cues

  What are the major types of cell membrane receptors?
	how are they similar; different?
	what second messengers are associated with these?
 	what cellular events are regulated by chemical messengers?
	often enzymes are associated with the receptor.  why?

  Trace the events of signal transduction from "cause" to "effect"